Non-tariff measures (NTMs) are generally defined as policy measures other than ordinary customs tariffs that can potentially have an economic effect on international trade in goods, changing quantities traded, or prices or both (UNCTAD/DITC/ TAB/2009/3). Non-Tariff Trade Barriers Countries use many mechanisms to restrict imports. A number of agreements deal with various bureaucratic or legal issues that could involve hindrances to trade. With the formation of the WTO/GATT, a substantial reduction of tariff barriers (TBs) was achieved, but many countries then tried to use more non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to achieve new trade protection. ... WTO disciplines and policy space for development Bernard Hoekman and Alessandro Nicita ... TBT Technical Barriers to Trade TFA Agreement on Trade Facilitation TPP Trans-Pacific Partnership Non-Tariff Measures. Reference [1] … Non-Tariff Measures: Economic Assessment and Policy Options for Development. Conversely, World Trade Organization (WTO) has put an end to the imposition of Import Quotas and Voluntary Export Restraints, i.e. Through signing the WTO accession protocol, China started to apply the most-favored-nation tariff rates to all WTO members, and among other commitments, to reduce tariffs and on yearly-basis to remove all other non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to imports, such as quotas, licenses and tendering requirements, by the end of 2004. I-TIP Goods provides comprehensive information on non-tariff measures (NTMs) applied by WTO members in merchandise trade. UNDERSTANDING THE WTO: THE AGREEMENTS Non-tariff barriers: red tape, etc. Over the course of the past century, governments have expanded regulatory controls over economic activity, often in pursuit of social, public health, environmental, or other non … In the specific case of South Africa, the SABS has published its view in am official document [2]. A critical objective of the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations, shared by the U.S., was the elimination of non-tariff barriers to trade in agricultural commodities (including quotas) and, where necessary, to replace them with tariffs -- a process called tarrification. non-tariff barriers. weight efficiency and net welfare losses caused by tariff protection as well as the costs to consumers could be high.1 Estimates of tariff indicators for Korea are reported in Section III; these estimates are derived from a data base constructed by the WTO.2 Some non-tariff barriers to trade are also discussed briefly. Import tariffs are not the only policy measures affecting international commodity trade. It would, therefore, be helpful if developing and emerging countries could articulate their opinions on non-tariff barriers to trade in a dedicated database. The information includes members' notifications of NTMs as well as information on "specific trade concerns" raised by members at WTO committee meetings. In addition to high tariffs on selected products, including beverages, numerous agricultural products, and automobiles and large motorcycles, the following pose impediments to imports: ... as set out in Vietnam’s WTO Schedule of Specific Commitments. Non-tariff measures and non-tariff barriers In this analysis, we attempt to distinguish non-tariff measures (NTMs) with precautionary intent from those with a protectionist intent. World Trade Organization (WTO) permitted the levy of tariff barriers to its member nations but at a reasonable rate only. Non-Tariff Barriers. Not the only Policy measures affecting international commodity trade bureaucratic or legal issues that could involve hindrances to trade WTO! Mechanisms to restrict imports NTMs ) applied by WTO members in merchandise trade end... 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