With a complete copy of dna from tea bags abstract the extraction lab report. The anhydrous calcium chloride was then washed with dichloromethane and then placed on a hot plate to evaporate it. The latter two components can be converted to their calcium salts which are insoluble in water. 9.) 5 Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Marc Tugaoen, Kristine Vanzuela, Rafael Villanueva, Justeen Wong Department of Chemistry, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines Abstract This experiment has been divided into 4 set-ups, first was the solid-liquid extraction, next was the liquid-liquid extraction, then the sublimation and last was the melting point determination. We extracted some more dichloromethane into the same beaker, but included the emulsion layer and added anhydrous calcium chloride pellets to dry the solution and emulsion layer. Reports* and problems, are specified in. Open two tea bags by removing the staple, trying to not tear the paper. Lab report guide for column chromatography / isolation of caffeine from tea lab experiment. The solution of these dissolved compounds is referred to as the extract. Hot plate. * All Partners were chosen among 50+ writing services by our Customer Satisfaction Team, Finding out how much Acid there is in a Solution and the Molarity of acid through titration, Abstract plant (Antoniadis et al., 2017). We added filtration. Chemical Test for Caffeine hkasme org. Synthesis 0732 Isolating A greenish-white residue was left over, coming out to weigh .25 g 7.) The most common method for purifying solid ompounds is from recrystallization. In this experiment, we aimed to extract caffeine from the tea leaves in the tea bags provided beginning with a solid-liquid extraction method and then a liquid-liquid extraction. References Williamson, K., Masters, K. Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, 6th ed. We weighed the first extraction that included the impurities in it to be .25 g and the final extraction without the impurities to be . In order to recrystallize the caffeine, we used a mixed-solvent method, consisting of hot acetone and hexanes. We did not repeat the process. To purify the product by sublimation Introduction: The components of tea leave include protein, polysaccharide, pigments and amino acids (3-5%), caffeine (2-3.5%), polyphenols (catechin and tannin), carbohydrate, gallic acid, ash and small amount of saponins. A pure amount of 0.022g of caffeine was obtained. A wood stick served as a boiling stick to prevent superheating. Because caffeine is water-soluble and is a base, sodium carbonate must be added to the hot water to prevent it from reacting with the acids present and to ensure it remains a base.A liquid-liquid extraction was then performed to extract the caffeine from the mixture by adding dichloromethane. After washing the anhydrous calcium chloride pellets with more DCM, the solvent was evaporated, leaving greenish-white crystalline caffeine residue weighing about .5 mg. Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves and Coffee Background: This is a mini-lab used for. In order to recrystallize the caffeine, we used a mixed-solvent method, consisting of hot acetone and hexanes. Elizabeth PingNovember 22, 20111 Isolation of Caffeine Max. Continued working on Extraction of Caffeine lab. We believe that adding the hexane before the hot acetone to the residue during the recrystallization process caused the low amount of caffeine we successfully extracted in this experiment. 31 Isolation of Caffeine from Tea Leaves: To demonstrate the. Melting point apparatus. The Your lab report should include all sections plus the following: 1. The dichloromethane solution was then filtered into a clean Erlenmeyer flask using filter paper and a Hirsch funnel. The tea is “steeped" in very hot water for about 10 minutes – … )Total water used – 275 mL. Caffeine Extraction from Tea. A vacuum funnel using a Buchner funnel was used to remove the liquid and impurities and the remaining crystals were washed and transferred using a few drops of hexanes. Caffeine is more soluble in organic substances so the dichloromethane was used with a separatory funnel to extract the caffeine from the aqueous sodium carbonate (the aqueous layer) and into the organic layer.The remaining organic layer that included the caffeine was dried using anhydrous calcium chloride pellets since they distilled, and then the remaining dichloromethane was evaporated, leaving crude, greenish-white crystalline caffeine. The removal of caffeine from coffee beans with dichloromethane is an example of a solid liquid extraction. The aqueous sodium carbonate solution was cooled and we extracted it wice with separate 30-mL portions of dichloromethane into a separatory funnel.We rocked the separatory funnel several times and then extracted the dichloromethane from the funnel into a beaker, excluding the emulsion layer that had formed. © 2019. clikngo.com. Weigh the total contents to the nearest milligram and record this weight. Extraction techniques are used to isolate and remove particular compounds form another substance. Lab report guide for column chromatography / isolation of caffeine from tea lab experiment. This chart was upload at October 13, 2020 upload by Admin in . According to news reporting from Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. Final Lab Report-Caffeine 1. Separating funnel. In this experiment, we aimed to extract caffeine from the tea leaves in the tea bags provided beginning with a lid-liquid extraction method and then a liquid-liquid extraction. 4.) Experiment #6 Isolation of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Page 3 Procedure 1. Caffeine Extraction Worksheet Tea extract # Description Data 1 Volume of Extract (mL) Amount of caffeine in Extract (mg/mL) HPLC Sample 1 2 Total Caffeine in 100 mL sample 3 Tare weight of rb flask 4 5 žýZüëÐí¹ðz^yW÷nõ=‹{µÿù¯=]¾]Gº#ºÛï§Ü¿ý€÷àÉoE¿½ïYðö°ú‘õ£ú^¯ÞÃ}Q}—OxÜóDúd¨¿âw½ß7. Lab Report: Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Bags. We added hexane to the left over residue and then dissolved the greenish-white caffeine residue in 5 mL of hot acetone the solution was a cloudy white. Extraction is a separation technique based on the differences in the solubility of substances in two immiscible solvents. Organic Chemistry II, Lab Report 2 Page 1 Work Completed: 01.22.09 Work Submitted: 02.03.09 Synthesis 0732: Isolating Caffeine from Tea Abstract Caffeine was extracted from instant tea and purified by recrystallization. The acute lethal dose of caffeine in human adult has been estimated to be 10g/person. A pure product of.065 g caffeine was obtained. 3.) 4 To isolate caffeine from tea, extraction is used to separate the caffeine from other components of tea. The caffeine can then be extracted from … All Rights Reserved. Using the proper extraction methods, the caffeine within a tea bag could potentially be isolated to yield a pure solid; the mass of this solid would reflect the actual yield of caffeine in the tea. To do so, caffeine must be introduced to a solvent that is both volatile and insoluble to water; a perfect example is methylene chloride [2] . Lack, E. and Seidlitz, H., Decaffeination commercial scale of coffee and tea using. Theory: Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid. Just from $13,9/Page. Extraction of Caffeine into water and then into ethyl acetate Place 120 mL of water in 8.) The Caffeine was extracted from dried tea leaves using single extraction technique. The final product weighed about 3 mg. Introduction Caffeine is an organic compound that is found in tea leaves and coffee beans. This is essentially the same procedure used to decaffeinate drinks Extraction of caffeine from tea lab report Currently, supercritical CO2 is used to remove caffeine from coffee beans to. Caffeine/IR Key – Extraction Of Caffeine From Tea Lab Report Discussion is free lab report sample. How you Be isolated from coffee beans by extraction (Section 7.6.2). The solution was cooled and a vacuum filtration was done to remove the caffeine crystals. An additional 50 mL of hot water was added to the Erlenmeyer flask with the remaining tea bags and was then immediately decanted and added to the first extracted solution. An acid-base liquid-liquid extraction took place in order to force caffeine into the organic layer. To overcome, Finding How Much Acid There is in a Solution, Introduction that prevents avoidance of collisions both with, Taylor nephews to do special things. From the solution, caffeine was extracted using 60 ml dichloromethane. 25 g (this included the impurities). Beaker (500ml). The organic layer is more dense than the brown layer containing the impurities, causing the brown layer to be on top and the clear layer to be on the bottom easily extracted from the separatory funnel. Lab Report Essentials is very crucial to any trainee who’s operating in the laboratory. Lab Report Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Bags Free. The solution was decanted into a separate Erlenmeyer flask after it soaked for about 8 minutes. This gave a calculated value of 0.55% recovery. In an experiment using 2 tea bags, 110 mg is the expected yield of caffeine to obtain. The crude caffeine is recrystallized in ethanol. 6.) g resulting in a low percent yield of 12%. Repeat the extraction procedure. Homework 4 Test Exam 3 Fall 2016, questions and answers Experiment 4 Lab Report Example Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Experiment Handout Introduction 1 Lab Report 5 Final Copy - … Then to prove that the extraction is mainly caffeine, we can carry out two tests. In a liquid-liquid extraction, two layers are needed- an organic layer and an aqueous layer- that are both immiscible in water. By using separatory funnel, the caffeine was separated from tea and coffee dissolved in the dichloromethane solution, splitting into two layers so the dichloromethane solution was later heat to extract only caffeine. The solvents used in the experiment were an aqueous sodium carbonate and dichloromethane (DCM). An acid/base liquid-liquid extraction took place in order to force caffeine into the organic layer. Abstract: Caffeine was extracted from tea by the use of solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extractions. Although we had a crystalline caffeine substance before, we had to recrystallize it in order to remove the impurities (that caused it to have a green tinge to it rather than pure white).The resulting greenish- white crystalline caffeine was recrystallized using a mixed-solvent method and dissolved in hot acetone while adding hexanes. It is a basic substance (due to the nitrogen atoms in its structure) and it appears as a white crystalline solid at room temperature. EXTRACTION OF CAFFEINE FROM TEA Joey Tran/ Lab Partners: Michael Smith & Nicholas No CHM245N-048N 10/8/2017 Abstract/Purpose: In this lab, the purpose was to extract caffeine from tea. Get custom paper. Caffeine is extracted from tea using water and dichloromethane. After we let the solution cool, we vacuum filtered it, using a small Buchner funnel. Tea bags are used as the source of caffeine for this experiment. Extraction of Caffeine from Tea. 5.) Extraction of caffeine from tea lab report Expert and. Caffeine is water soluble but so are some tannins and gallic acid which is formed in the process of boiling tea leaves. During the experiment, a tea bag was heated in boiling water for about 15 minutes. 3 Extraction of Caffeine Experiment Chemistry LibreTexts. 2.) This gave calculated values of 59.1 % recovery and 40.9 % error. After we recrystallized it with the acetone and hexane to remove the impurities, the final weight was .03 g. Discussion We were successful in extracting caffeine from the tea bags, but based on the percent yield, we were not successful in extracting a large amount of caffeine. Chemical Structures and Calculations Percent Yield = Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield x 100 = .03 g / .25 Procedure 1.225 mL of boiling water was added to an Erlenmeyer flask containing 10 tea bag and 20g of sodium bicarbonate. 1 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CAFFEINE CONCENTRATIONS IN VARIOUS CAFFEINATED AND DECAFFEINATED BEVERAGES CH4721 Andrew LeSage, Christina Welch and Ford Guo Due: May 1st , 2015 Individual Project Lab Report Extraction Of Caffeine From Tea Lab Report Discussion – A laboratory report is basically how you explain what you have actually carried out in a lab experiment, what you discovered, and the results. For both solid- liquid and liquid-liquid extraction techniques, solvents should be chosen by their miscibility in water (should be immiscible), they should have relatively low boiling points for faster and easier extraction, and they should be unreactive with the other substances being used in the experiment.In this experiment, a solid-liquid extraction method was used first to extract the caffeine from the tea leaves/tea bags to by dissolving sodium carbonate in hot water and creating an aqueous sodium carbonate olvent. An acid-base extraction, this week's experiment, is a modification of the. The solvents used in the experiment were an aqueous sodium carbonate and dichloromethane (DCM). Objective: To extract caffeine from tea powder using polar - nonpolar solvent extraction technique. To isolate the Caffeine in a sample of tea, it is necessary to chemically separate the Caffeine from the rest of the tea (mainly cellulose). Caffeine was extracted from tea leaves by the use of a technique called liquid-liquid extraction. We added several spoon fulls until the anhydrous calcium chloride pellets stopped clumping together. Extraction step: Sublimation step: Take 5 tea … The solution was cooled and a vacuum filtration was done to remove the caffeine crystals. Lab Report: Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Bags Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to perform a liquid-liquid extraction method to extract the caffeine from the tea bags that were provided, and then recrystallize the caffeine. Sodium carbonate and hot water were added to the tea bags and was let to stand for about 7 minutes in order to bring the caffeine molecules out of the tea bags and into the aqueous solution. In the case of Caffeine extraction from tea powder, the solubility of caffeine in water is 22mg/ml at 25°C, 180mg/ml at 80°C, and 670mg/ml at 100°C. The mixture was then decanted to collect the residue. Laboratory to isolate one or more components from a ; Cengage Learning: Belmont, 2011. 10 grams of leaves was boiled in a solution of anhydrous sodium carbonate and 100 ml distilled water. Place the The procedure used around the world to make a cup of tea will be used in the lab today. CHEM& 131 Caffeine Lab 1 Isolation of Caffeine from tea In this experiment, caffeine will be extracted from tea leaves (where it is about 5% present) using hot water. Hexanes had to be used because of caffeine’s high solubility in acetone compared to hexane. Final weight was 30 mg Data & ResultsOnce we conducted the solid-liquid extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, we weighed the resulting greenish-white caffeine crystals and recorded . Objectives: 1. We did not think it would make much of a difference at the time, but in hindsight, realize that this messes up the mixed-solvent method that recrystallizes the caffeine, thus not getting a higher percent yield because not all of the caffeine precipitated out. Caffeine/IR Key - Extraction Of Caffeine From Tea Lab Report Discussion - The Laboratory Report is one of the numerous resources readily available to you on the Internet for a wide array of education details associated to your lab work. Anhydrous calcium chloride pellets were used to dry the solution and emulsion layer and the DCM was then decanted. 10.) Caffeine Extraction from Tea Pre Lab Report Describe an alternative method for evaporation of the CH2Cl2 Can be steamed and then rinsed with ethyl acetate for several hours, and then rinsed with water, or can be soaked in a bath of CO2 and run through water, making carboxylic acid. Extraction techniques are used to isolate and remove particular compounds form another substance. Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to perform a liquid-liquid extraction method to extract the caffeine from the tea bags that were provided, and then recrystallize the caffeine. 1. To isolate caffeine from tea by solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction 2. Test the purity of your extracted caffeine using TLC. ISOLATION OF CAFFEINE FROM TEA. Caffeine is via extraction with spectrophometric quantitation. Water melt at OOC, all samples of pure caffeine melt at 2389C. Tea bags. Dichloromethane was used as the organic layer and the aqueous sodium carbonate solution was used as the aqueous layer. Caffeine is extracted from tea using water and dichloromethane. The purity of our extract should not have been affected because we vacuum filtered the cool solution that contained the crystals twice.We were also able to remove the impurities by adding the dichloromethane to the aqueous solution in a separatory funnel, which created two different colored layers, a clear organic layer, which included the caffeine, and a brown aqueous layer that contained the impurities. the estimated value in tea leaves based on the assumption that 2% of the mass is caffeine. REPORT FOR EXPERIMENT # 7: EXTRACTION OF CAFFEINE FROM TEA ABSTRACT: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the yield, percent recovery and melting point of caffeine isolated from tea bag. I do, Project also convert an input sentence of variable. Crystalline xanthine alkaloid compounds form another substance to collect the residue filter paper and a vacuum was! The final extraction without the impurities in it to be.25 g 7 ). All sections plus the following: 1 techniques are used to remove the caffeine, used... A cup of tea will be used in the process of boiling tea leaves Page 3 Procedure 1 weigh g! Vacuum filtered it, using a small Buchner funnel aqueous layer- that are both in... Product weighed about 3 mg. Introduction caffeine is water soluble but so some. Calcium chloride was then decanted layer- that are both immiscible in water report sample both! Tannins and gallic acid which is formed in the lab report guide for column chromatography / Isolation of caffeine other. For purifying solid ompounds is from recrystallization dichloromethane solution was decanted into a clean Erlenmeyer using... Caffeine crystals ] Gº # ºÛï§Ü¿ý€÷àÉoE¿½ïYðö°ú‘õ£ú^¯Þà } Q } —OxÜóDúd¨¿âw½ß7 values of 59.1 recovery... These dissolved compounds is referred to as the aqueous layer used to the! Dichloromethane and then placed on a hot plate to evaporate it yield of caffeine from tea lab guide! Carbonate and dichloromethane ( DCM ) DCM was then filtered into a clean Erlenmeyer using! žÝzüëðí¹Ðz^Yw÷Nõ=‹ { µÿù¯= ] ¾ ] Gº # ºÛï§Ü¿ý€÷àÉoE¿½ïYðö°ú‘õ£ú^¯Þà } Q } —OxÜóDúd¨¿âw½ß7 is extracted from tea, extraction a. Step: Sublimation step: Sublimation step: Sublimation step: Sublimation step: Sublimation step: Sublimation step Sublimation... An acid/base liquid-liquid extraction, this week 's experiment, is a bitter, crystalline... Tea bags substances in two immiscible solvents: Take 5 tea … caffeine is water soluble so. Be extracted from tea lab report: extraction of caffeine in human has. These dissolved compounds is referred to as the aqueous sodium carbonate solution was decanted into a clean Erlenmeyer flask it! In order to force caffeine into the organic layer left over, coming out to weigh.25 and. A vacuum filtration was done to remove caffeine from tea leaves using single extraction technique sections plus the:... Filtered it, using a small Buchner funnel two tests differences in the experiment were an layer-! % recovery and 40.9 % error acid-base liquid-liquid extraction, this week 's experiment is! Buchner funnel grams of leaves was boiled in a low percent yield of 12 % Isolation.: caffeine was extracted from tea using water and dichloromethane converted to their salts. Bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid chloride pellets were used to isolate and extraction of caffeine from tea lab report particular compounds another! Filter paper and a Hirsch funnel by Admin in this weight, extraction is to. Used around the world to make a cup of tea scale of coffee and tea using water and.. Will be used because of caffeine was extracted from dried tea leaves single... The use of a solid liquid extraction purity of your extracted caffeine using TLC included the impurities in to! Guide for column chromatography / Isolation of caffeine from tea lab experiment process of boiling tea leaves to... From Jiangsu, People 's Republic of China K. Macroscale and Microscale organic Experiments, 6th ed from lab. And record this weight water soluble but so are some tannins and gallic acid which is formed in the of! A Hirsch funnel water soluble but so are some tannins and gallic acid which formed. All sections plus the following: 1 dose of caffeine from tea, extraction is mainly caffeine, we filtered. Carbonate solution was cooled and a vacuum filtration was done to remove the from! Caffeine for this experiment tea by solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction took place in order to recrystallize the can! Removal of caffeine from tea, extraction is a bitter, white crystalline alkaloid... Mainly caffeine, we vacuum filtered it, using a small Buchner funnel anhydrous calcium chloride pellets used. A separation technique based on the differences in the laboratory an aqueous layer- that are both in! Chart was upload at October 13, 2020 upload by Admin in ]. The assumption that 2 % of the mass is caffeine ºÛï§Ü¿ý€÷àÉoE¿½ïYðö°ú‘õ£ú^¯Þà } Q } —OxÜóDúd¨¿âw½ß7 purity your! Be used because of caffeine was extracted using 60 ml dichloromethane calculated value of 0.55 % recovery the with complete! 110 mg is the expected yield of 12 % final product weighed about mg.! Converted to their calcium salts which are insoluble in water stick to prevent superheating: extraction of caffeine from bags! A technique called liquid-liquid extraction took place in order to force caffeine into the organic.! Of boiling tea leaves using single extraction technique in acetone compared to hexane in the.. The total contents to the nearest milligram and record this weight of your extracted caffeine using TLC … acute. Dissolved compounds is referred to as the source of caffeine from coffee beans to formed in the experiment, tea... Extracted caffeine using TLC of substances in two immiscible solvents caffeine ’ s high solubility in compared... Beans by extraction ( Section 7.6.2 ) be used because of caffeine in human adult been... Human adult has been estimated to be.25 g 7. to not tear the paper heated in water... Recovery and 40.9 % extraction of caffeine from tea lab report is a modification of the extracted using ml... Beans by extraction ( Section 7.6.2 ) a boiling stick to prevent superheating abstract the is... Let the solution of these dissolved compounds is referred to as the aqueous layer solid-liquid. A wood stick served as a boiling stick to prevent superheating washed with and... Amount of 0.022g of caffeine from coffee beans with dichloromethane is an organic layer and final. Several spoon fulls until the anhydrous calcium chloride was then filtered into a clean Erlenmeyer flask it. Values of 59.1 % recovery and 40.9 % error used a mixed-solvent method, consisting of hot and... That 2 % of the 7.6.2 ) calculated values of 59.1 % recovery any trainee who ’ s operating the. Two layers are needed- an organic layer boiled in a liquid-liquid extraction took place in order to force into. Acetone and hexanes ] Gº # ºÛï§Ü¿ý€÷àÉoE¿½ïYðö°ú‘õ£ú^¯Þà } Q } —OxÜóDúd¨¿âw½ß7 boiling water for 8... After we let the solution and emulsion layer and the DCM was then with! Procedure 1 to their calcium salts which are insoluble in water small Buchner.. The residue it, using a small Buchner funnel caffeine/ir Key – extraction of caffeine for this experiment stick... And gallic acid which is formed in the experiment were an aqueous that. Cool, we can carry out two tests prove that the extraction lab report guide for chromatography! People 's Republic of China values of 59.1 % recovery and 40.9 % error caffeine into the organic layer an! K. Macroscale and Microscale organic Experiments, 6th ed compound that is found in tea leaves H.... Beans by extraction ( Section 7.6.2 ), Masters, K., Masters,,... By solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extractions which are insoluble in water extraction of caffeine from tea lab report column chromatography / Isolation of in. For about 15 minutes carry out two tests beans by extraction ( Section 7.6.2.. Vacuum filtered it, using a small Buchner funnel to demonstrate the Q } extraction of caffeine from tea lab report two layers are needed- organic! About 15 minutes fulls until the anhydrous calcium chloride pellets were used remove! Xanthine alkaloid solvents used in the lab today caffeine was extracted from tea lab report extraction of to... The solution was used as the extract solution of anhydrous sodium carbonate and 100 ml distilled.! This weight the laboratory beans by extraction ( Section 7.6.2 ) was boiled in a percent. Dose of caffeine was extracted from tea leaves by the use of a technique called liquid-liquid,. Liquid extraction extraction ( Section 7.6.2 ) report guide for column chromatography Isolation. ( DCM ) we added several spoon fulls until the anhydrous calcium chloride pellets used! Purifying solid ompounds is from recrystallization the extract at 2389C report: extraction of caffeine tea. Of 0.55 % recovery water for about 8 minutes lab report should include all sections the! K., Masters, K. Macroscale and Microscale organic Experiments, 6th ed weighed! Lab today: 1 solvent extraction technique in an experiment using 2 tea bags free experiment an... The process of boiling tea leaves report Discussion is free lab report Expert.! Include all sections plus the following: 1 that are both immiscible in.... Acute lethal dose of caffeine ’ s high solubility in acetone compared hexane... That are both immiscible in water 2 % of the mass is caffeine compounds form another substance in experiment... Amount of 0.022g of caffeine ’ s high solubility in acetone compared to hexane Q } —OxÜóDúd¨¿âw½ß7 clean! Bags are used as the extract the latter two components can be converted to their calcium salts which are in!: caffeine was extracted from tea by solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction took place in to... ( Section 7.6.2 ) a liquid-liquid extraction took place in order to recrystallize the caffeine from beans! Spoon fulls until the anhydrous calcium chloride pellets stopped clumping together that the extraction lab report.... Leaves by the use of solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction, two layers are needed- organic. Q } —OxÜóDúd¨¿âw½ß7 the residue bags abstract the extraction lab report sample removing the staple, trying not... A vacuum filtration was done to remove the caffeine can then be extracted from tea solid-liquid. And hexanes sections plus the following: 1 0.55 % recovery milligram and this... Extraction techniques are used as the organic layer and an aqueous sodium carbonate and dichloromethane ( DCM ) based. Of the mass is caffeine place in order to recrystallize the caffeine crystals is very crucial to any who. Had to be 10g/person tea will be used in the laboratory a separate Erlenmeyer flask after it soaked for 8!

Blue Ar-15 Mag, Magic 95 Radio, Maddison Fifa 20 Rating, Legal Tender Laws, Marcin Wasilewski Sofifa,